Instrument Flight
Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents
TRANSITIONS (CLEAN TO DIRTY)
Reduce power to idle and extend the speed brakes if necessary. Slow to 200 KIAS and note level flight
attitude on the ADI display. Select gear down and flaps to half (if required, flaps may be lowered, but not
raised, in a turn). The increased lift and drag combination causes a “ballooning” effect that must be
countered with firm forward stick force to maintain attitude and prevent climbing. Wait for stick pressure to
dampen out before selecting full flaps, if desired. Again, use forward stick pressure to counter the nose
pitchup and maintain altitude.
As stick forces settle down, trim nose up as aircraft decelerates. As airspeed approaches 160 KIAS,
increase power for 150 KIAS (see table “Approximate Fuel Flow To Maintain Level Flight”). Decelerate to
optimum AOA/airspeed (no sooner than 10 nm, 30 degrees of final approach course (FAC)) by reducing
power, adding noseup trim to maintain level flight and add power according to the table for “Approximate
Fuel Flow To Maintain Level Flight” found later in this chapter. Do not decelerate below 150 KIAS
airspeed until the landing checklist is complete (except for the AOA check). The deceleration should be
gradual to prevent settling (meaning the aircraft is slowing and or descending). Significant power-on
corrections will be required to stop settling. The large power addition must be followed immediately by a
large counter correction. Subsequent corrections should dampen out (become smaller), bringing the
power back to the appropriate setting.
APPROXIMATE FUEL FLOW TO MAINTAIN LEVEL FLIGHT
CONFIGURATION
KIAS
FUEL FLOW (PPH)
CLEAN
200
1,100
GEAR DOWN, FLAPS HALF
150
2,400
GEAR DOWN, FLAPS FULL
150
2,600
GEAR DOWN, FLAPS HALF
OPTIMUM AOA
1,800
GEAR DOWN, FLAPS FULL
OPTIMUM AOA
2,100
GEAR DOWN, FLAPS HALF, BOARDS OUT
OPTIMUM AOA
2,600
GEAR DOWN, FLAPS FULL, BOARDS OUT
OPTIMUM AOA
2,900
FULL
HALF
ZERO
GROSS
FLAPS
WEIGHT
FLAPS
FLAPS
LANDING APPROACH SPEED
114
11,000
132
151
17 UNITS AOA
119
12,000
138
157
124
13,000
143
164
128
14,000
149
170
133
15,000
154
176
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