Instrument Flight
Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents
Climb: Confirm on altitude display and VSI
Gear: Raise with positive rate of climb (100 ft minimum)
Flaps/slats: Up at 140 KIAS minimum (half at 125 KIAS minimum)
Missed approach call: Make (may be made simultaneously with power addition)
Airspeed (if remaining in pattern): 200 KIAS
Airspeed (if leaving pattern): 250 KIAS
You must comply with the controller’s and/or published missed approach instructions.
FLIGHT WITH PARTIAL PANEL
In the T-45C, partial panel flight consists of flying without the ADI display. All flight maneuvers remain the
same whether you are flying under full or partial panel conditions. In the event that the ADI display fails,
you will have to substitute the standby AI, airspeed, altimeter, and VSI for information that was on the ADI
display. Use the HSI display for your heading reference.
The standby AI is smaller than the ADI display and will not appear to move as smoothly, which may give
rise to the perception that the standby AI is more sensitive to control inputs than the ADI display. Though
smaller, the standby altimeter, airspeed, and VSI present information in the same way as T-34C
instruments.
COMMON ERROR: As a result of the difference in size between the ADI display and standby AI,
altimeter, airspeed, and VSI, your control of the aircraft may be erratic. This will occur because the
standby AI doesn’t appear to respond to control inputs in the same way the ADI display does.
Substituting the standby instruments for the ADI display will require you to change your scan pattern.
Be careful not to fixate on one standby instrument or the HSI display because of the resulting change in
your scan pattern.
You will find it more difficult to exercise fine aircraft control because of the standby AI’s smaller size. It will
move a smaller distance for a given control input even though the actual attitude indications are the same.
Unlike the ADI display, the standby AI provides only nose and wing attitude information. If you lose the
ADI display, you will have to use the turn and slip indicator above the standby altimeter to maintain 1/2
standard-rate and standard-rate turns. Because all heading information will be provided by the HSI
display, you will have to give it greater emphasis in your scan. Also, with no ADI display, you do not have
ILS glideslope information.
COMMON ERROR: Be careful not to overcontrol the aircraft. The small size, wide separation, and
requirement to scan individual instruments may cause you to fixate on one instrument more than you
would under full panel conditions, so you may tend to “chase” or eliminate from your scan one of the
performance instruments.
PARTIAL PANEL
While flying under instrument conditions utilizing all the instruments available, you can readily see that all
corrections for a desired performance and attitude must be positive, well founded, and smoothly executed.
You have seen while practicing “full panel” instrument flying that you must have and use the following:
(1) a rapid scan of the instrument panel, (2) positive corrections with the controls, and (3) confidence in
your ability to fly under instrument conditions. Even when the aircraft’s instruments are functioning
properly, you have learned to monitor angle of bank, nose attitude, power setting, and general cockpit
procedures more closely while flying instruments than while flying contact.
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