Landing Procedures
Familiarization
90 degrees
450 ft AGL
45 degrees
325 to 375 ft AGL
180 degrees
Start
600 ft AGL
15 to 18 seconds
Abeam
Approx. 1 nm
600 ft AGL
Establish Downwind
Touch & Go/Waveoff
600 ft AGL
130 KIAS
30 AOB
Wind Direction
PRINT
Normal Pattern
Pattern with No Wind
Correction
Figure 20: PATTERN CORRECTIONS, OVERSHOOTING WINDS
UNDERSHOOTING CROSSWIND
If an undershooting wind condition exists and you fail to make the necessary corrections, you will under-
shoot the runway and have an angling approach, which will result in too short a groove (as illustrated in
Figure 21). To correct, increase the AOB in the break and establish a crab angle into the wind to maintain
the proper abeam distance. In order to arrive at a good 90, you will need to shallow your AOB during the
approach turn. The shallow AOB reduces your rate of turn and requires a slight decrease in your rate of
descent to arrive at the 90 on altitude. When on glideslope, use a wings level, crabbed crosswind tech-
nique to maintain lineup.
PATTERN CORRECTIONS—GENERAL
Properly identifying the abeam position is a critical component of the landing pattern; verify that you are, in
fact, directly across from the touchdown area of the runway (abeam the optical landing system). Upon
reaching the proper abeam position, you must time for 15 seconds to start the approach turn correctly at
the 180. Remember to adjust your timing by 1 second for each knot of head wind component (Example:
If your head wind component was 8 knots, subtracting 8 seconds from 15 would result in timing 7 seconds
from the abeam before starting your approach turn). If you arrive at the abeam and 180-degree positions
correctly and make the necessary adjustments during the approach turn, you will reach a consistent 90
and start position with the proper groove length.
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