Instrument Flight
Aircraft Instrumentation
FUEL FLOW AND RPM GAUGES
These instruments both provide a reference to the proper control of the aircraft’s engine. In many of the
different maneuvers, a specified rpm or fuel flow can be set to allow for the proper thrust to complete the
maneuver. In some cases, a range can be used to allow for other possible variables. Fuel flow and rpm
can also be monitored on the MFD ENGINE Page (Figure 5).
Figure 5: MFD ENGINE PAGE
STANDBY FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
The standby instruments include airspeed, altimeter, VSI, turn and slip and attitude indicators. These
instruments are used as a cross-check of multi-function display (MFD) indications or if there is a failure of
the ADI display or failure of one or both of the MFD’s. The standby performance instruments, airspeed,
altimeter, and VSI all have lag. This factor must be accepted as an inherent factor. When the attitude and
power are smoothly controlled, the lag factor is negligible and the indications on the performance
instruments will stabilize or change smoothly.
HEAD-UP DISPLAY (HUD)
The head-up display (Figure 6) presents control, performance, and position information. The pitch ladder,
AOA bracket, course deviation steering needle and dots, and ILS needles are referenced to the velocity
vector. These symbols are referenced to the waterline of the aircraft if velocity vector information
becomes invalid (velocity vector occulted). The pitch ladder attitude bars are in five-degree increments.
Solid attitude bars represent a noseup pitch and dashed attitude bars represent a nosedown pitch. The
attitude bars are angled toward the horizon at one-half the pitch attitude, also the tips of the attitude bars
point toward the horizon. The bank scale is located at the bottom of the HUD and indicates 0, 5, 15, 30,
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