Instrument Turns - P-8210039

BASIC INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES

CHAPTER ONE

Accelerating Level Speed Change

Add power to MRT, trimming the aircraft as the airspeed increases. As the airspeed approaches

normal cruise, adjust the power to normal cruise power setting and retrim as required.

Level Speed Change To Basic Approach Configuration

Reduce the power to approximately 75% RPM and extend the speed brakes. At 165 KIAS,

lower the landing gear and set the flaps to one-half. As the flaps are lowered, retract the speed

brakes. The aircraft will tend to "balloon" as the flaps are lowered, but this tendency can be

compensated by lowering the nose attitude slightly. As the aircraft decelerates, raise the nose to

maintain altitude. Approaching 15 units AOA, add power as required to maintain 15 units and

level flight, and initiate the Landing Checklist (the landing checklist cannot be completed until

the speed brakes are extended.)

108. INSTRUMENT TURNS

Constant Angle Of Bank Turns

A constant angle of bank turn is accomplished by rolling smoothly into the desired angle of bank

referencing the vertical gyro indicator, then maintaining that angle of bank throughout the turn.

The nose attitude is crosschecked with the altimeter and vertical speed indicator. Altitude

corrections will be performed as in level flight.

The "One-fifth Rule"

To prevent turning beyond a desired heading, it is necessary to anticipate reaching the new

heading. A good "rule of thumb" is to lead the new heading by a number of degrees equal to

one-fifth the angle of bank used in the turn. If, for example, the angle of bank is 30, the rollout

should be started 6 prior to reaching the desired heading. This rule will be used whenever any

type of turn is made to a specific heading. Add power as necessary to maintain the airspeed with

which the turn was started. During level, constant speed turns; it is not necessary to trim the

nose, since the trim will have to be taken out immediately after rollout. Simply maintain

backstick pressure during the turn, and relax it when rolling wings level.

Turn Pattern

The turn pattern will be initiated on a cardinal heading and is flown maintaining normal cruise

airspeed and constant altitude. The pattern consists of two 15 banked turns in opposite

directions through 30 of turn, followed by two 30 banked turns through 60 of turn, and two 45

banked turns through 90 of turn. A smooth reversal is made from one turn to the other, omitting

any straight and level legs. The one-fifth rule is used in leading the reversals and roll out. Due

to the increased aerodynamic loads imposed on the aircraft during turns, additional power will be

required to maintain airspeed, and additional back stick will be required to maintain altitude.

BASIC INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES 1-27