Instrument Flight
Flight Procedures
3. Direct Entry Procedure: When approaching the holding fix from anywhere in sector (C), the direct
entry procedure would be to fly directly to the fix and turn outbound to follow the holding pattern. Initial
timing (VOR only) would begin wings level or abeam, whichever occurs last. Time for a period of one
or one and one-half minutes (depending on the altitude). At end of timing (VOR) or pattern outbound
DME (TACAN), turn in the direction of the holding pattern to intercept the inbound holding course or
proceed directly back to the fix.
Wind Drift Correction Techniques
You may have to compensate for two
Abeam
different wind effects while flying a
correct holding pattern—head winds or
tailwinds, and crosswinds. Head winds
or tailwinds will only be a factor on non-
DME patterns, for which you will have
to adjust the outbound leg for a correct
inbound time. Compensate for
crosswinds in order to arrive at an
outbound position from which a turn
inbound will place the aircraft on the
WIND
holding course. This is normally
Increase crab outbound for appropriate radial
accomplished by utilizing a larger
offset
(approximately two to three times) drift
correction on the outbound leg. See
Figure 34.
Lost Communication
Abeam
If communication is lost and the pilot
WIND
has received EFC time, and the holding
fix and initial approach fix (IAF) are the
same, then leave the fix at EFC time.
If, however, the holding fix and IAF are
not the same, leave the holding fix at
EFC time and proceed to initial
approach fix. When EFC has not been
received, continue on assigned route
and do not hold.
Abeam
0+45 sec
1+00 min (1+30>14,000 MSL)
VOR: Adjust outbound leg for
WIND
proper inbound timing
Figure 34: WIND CORRECTION FOR HOLDING
Page 87
(4-01) Original
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