Figure 10-2 Combat Spread

CHAPTER TEN

BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS (BFM)

flexibility allowing both aircraft to provide mutual support while maintaining excellent

maneuverability.

The basic concept is that the two aircraft fly with enough separation so they cannot be attacked

as a single unit, but close enough so as not to lose sight of each other. The three variables to the

combat spread position are bearing, distance abeam, and altitude separation. Of these three

variables, bearing is by far the most critical. The distance abeam varies with aircraft size and

turning performance, with additional consideration given to threat aircraft size (visual

detectability.) Figure 10-2 demonstrates the standard combat spread formation.

Figure 10-2 Combat Spread

Combat Spread PADS:

P - Abeam

A - Lead: 12,000 feet; Wing: 13,500 feet

D - 1 NM

S - 250 KIAS

1003. LOOKOUT DOCTRINE

An effective lookout doctrine is the cornerstone of mutual support. Most air-to-air kills in

combat were achieved through complete surprise. The abeam position with the lateral separation

used in combat spread affords the maximum visual coverage of the flight's rear hemisphere (the

high threat area). Figure 10-3 illustrates the pilot and NFO lookout responsibilities. While the

pilot is responsible for the area forward of the wingline, the NFO should direct his visual search

from deep six o'clock to the abeam position inside the section. This scan pattern covers outside

both sides of the section, and double covers the inside of the section. Remember to scan all

altitudes. Be sure to focus your eyeballs on the horizon (or a distant object). This ensures you

are not staring at the glass of the canopy and unable to see objects outside the cockpit.

10-10

BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS (BFM)