Figure 1-6 Instrument Grouping

CHAPTER ONE

BASIC INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES

Attitude Instrument Flight. Like visual flying, attitude instrument flying uses

reference points to determine the attitude of the aircraft. When flying by visual

reference to the earth's surface, the attitude of the aircraft is determined by observing

the relationship between the nose and wings of the aircraft, and the natural horizon.

When flying by reference to flight instruments, the attitude of the aircraft is

determined by observing indications on the instruments. These indications give

essentially the same information as obtained by visual reference to the earth's surface.

The same control techniques are employed during attitude instrument flying that are

used in visual flying. The largest learning factor in attitude instrument flying is to

correctly interpret the indications of the various instruments to determine the attitude

of the aircraft.

103. INSTRUMENT GROUPINGS/PROCEDURES

This section addresses the interpretation and use of flight instruments.

Control Instruments

Power and attitude indicators are termed control instruments. A proper combination of pitch,

roll, yaw, and power will achieve the desired aircraft performance (Figure 1-6).

Figure 1-6 Instrument Grouping

Performance Instruments

The performance of the aircraft is determined by reference to the vertical speed indicator,

heading, clock, turn and slip indicator (needle and ball indicator), and in some cases the

altimeter. Although the altimeter is primarily a position instrument, in some maneuvers it can be

used as a crosscheck on aircraft performance. These instruments are termed performance

1-18 BASIC INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES