Figure 21 - P-8010183

INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION

Figure 21

NOTE: The T-34 is considered a single-piloted aircraft. OPNAV indicates that single-piloted

aircraft use 200' ceiling/HAT and 1/2 mile/2400' RVR as absolute minimums for instrument

approaches. Consider the above example. When you reach the published decision height of 114'

MSL you will be at an HAT of 100' AGL. In order not to break the 200' HAT absolute minimum

you must increase the decision height of In this case and increase of 100' is necessary. This

would result in a modified DH of 214' MSL resulting in a HAT of 200' AGL. In addition, the

minimum visibility required to commence the approach would become 1/2 mile instead of the

original 1/4 mile.

2. Initial contact with Approach Control. Make the request for PAR approaches upon initial

contact with Approach Control. The following approach information will be provided by ATC:

a. Type of approach. "This will be a PAR approach to runway 22."

b. Altimeter setting.

c. Ceiling and visibility if below 1000 feet (or below highest circling minimum,

whichever is greater or visibility less than 3 miles.

d. Special weather observations.

e. Airport conditions important to the safe operation of aircraft.

f. Lost communication procedures, when weather reports indicate that IFR weather

conditions will likely be encountered during the approach. Lost communication

instructions will typically include an altitude and a standard instrument approach

procedure; e.g., "... if no transmissions received for 30 seconds (not more than one

minute) in the pattern or 5 seconds on final, attempt contact on 258.3, and proceed VFR.

INSTRUMENT DEPARTURES AND APPROACHES

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