Information Sheet: Chart Projections, Plotting and Global Time Keeping

INFORMATION SHEET

Chart Projections, Plotting and Global Time Keeping

Information Sheet No. 4.2.1I

INTRODUCTION

This information sheet introduces the student to the most widely used air navigation charts,

and explains that these charts are essential tools for effective air navigation. This

information sheet will also introduce the student to the global timekeeping system that will

aid in understanding and coordinating navigation problems.

REFERENCE

INFORMATION

CHART PROJECTIONS

Because the earth is a sphere, it cannot be flattened and still maintain the integrity of the

surface. Therefore, a sphere is an undevelopable surface. Figure 4.2-1 shows the results

of such an attempt.

Figure 4.2-1 Undevelopable Surface

A chart is a small-scale representation of the earth's surface. No chart can be entirely

accurate in its representation since it is a two-dimensional piece of paper and the earth is a

three-dimensional sphere. Some distortion is always present, but it can be minimized.

Charts are projected on surfaces that can be flattened without stretching or tearing, such

as a cone. This surface is called a developable surface.

4.6-21