Operating characteristics of VOR

Use and Operation of TACAN, VOR, VOR/DME

T-45C TS INav 03; ADV INav-01

(1) T (Terminal): from 1,000 ft AGL up to and including 12,000

ft AGL at radial distances out to 25 nm (will not appear on

high altitude charts)

(2) L (Low): from 1,000 ft AGL up to and including 18,000 ft

AGL at radial distances out to 40 nm

(3) H (High)

(a) From 1,000 ft AGL up to and including 14,500 ft AGL at

radial distances out to 40 nm

(b) From 14,500 ft AGL up to and including 60,000 ft AGL

at radial distances out to 100 nm

at radial distances out to 130 nm

NOTE: Standard Service Volume limitations do not

apply to published IFR routes or procedures. (i.e.,

some published routes may exceed these limitations,

they have been flight tested and can be used with

6. Identified by aural 3-letter Morse code repeating every 35 seconds

7. Neither transmits nor receives voice communications

8. Cone of Confusion - A “cone of confusion” where TACAN azimuth

information is not available, exists over TACAN stations. The

“cone” varies from 60o to 110o wide. TACAN DME and I.D. signal

will be received and station passage will be noted by minimum

DME. Although narrow at low altitudes, this “cone” expands to

about 18 nm across at 30,000 ft. Because of the size of the

TACAN “cone of confusion”, TACAN holding patterns will always be

established using DME

B. VOR

1. Unaffected by weather

2. 360 radials emitted from station

3. Provides magnetic radial

4. Operates in the VHF band (108.0-117.95 MHz) - 59 available

frequencies

Page 3-6

(2-02) Original