Holding - P-12820152

T-45C TS INav-05

TACAN/VOR Navigation and Holding Procedures

c. Maintain crab angle to keep CDI centered

NOTE: Use ground track marker on HSI page to

assist with determining and maintaining proper crab.

COMMON ERROR: Making too small a correction to

return to the radial.

II. Holding

Fig 3: Holding

Pattern Entry Diagram

A. Entry determination: referencing the HSI

NOTE: The following procedures govern a standard (right-

hand) holding pattern. For a nonstandard (left-hand)

pattern, the directions are reversed.

1. Visualize a straight line on HSI from aircraft heading to

bottom of instrument

2. Visualize a straight line on HSI from 70 degrees to right

of aircraft heading to 110 degrees left of aircraft heading

COMMON ERROR: Forgetting to reverse the layout of

entry patterns on the HSI for nonstandard holding.

COMMON ERROR: Not using heading for arrival at fix

in relation to holding radial to determine type of entry.

3. Determine entry type by angular difference between

holding radial and heading as it crosses holding fix

a. Parallel entry--perform parallel if holding radial is

within 110 degrees left of heading

b. Teardrop entry--perform if holding radial is within

70 degrees right of heading

c. Direct entry--perform if holding radial is outside an

area of 110 degrees to the left and 70 degrees to the

right of heading

COMMON ERROR: Determining the type of entry

from your initial heading to the fix and not your

heading at the fix. (Also dependent on holding radial

and direction to hold from the fix.)

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