Operational Navigation Flight Training Instruction
Flight Planning
TYPES OF ATTACK:
LAYDOWN
Weapons are dropped with the aircraft in level flight. Release point is usually determined by weapons
systems; weapons use high drag devices to allow the attacker to escape his own fragmentation pattern.
LOFT
Weapons are released by computer with the aircraft in a nose-up attitude so that the weapon is actually
thrown at the target in a ballistic trajectory. Loft maneuvers afford increased distance from the detonation
and target area defenses.
POP-UP
The attacker makes a low-level run at the target, pulling up rapidly at a preplanned point to make a dive
delivery. A pop-up may be a roll-ahead or an angle-off. In the roll-ahead, the aircraft remains on the same
heading throughout the attack. In the angle-off, a heading change of 30-60 degrees at the preplanned
point, combined with a hard climb, places the attackers in a roll-in position similar to one attained in a
practice weapons delivery pattern. This vertical and lateral displacement further complicates a defenders
firing solution.
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