Instrument Flight
Basic Instrument Maneuvers
It is very important, especially during partial panel work, that you keep the airplane trimmed at all times.
Bank angle: Approximately 10 percent of IAS
Throttle: As required to maintain airspeed
Pitch: As required to maintain altitude
Lead point for roll-out: None--roll out at the end of the computed time
LEVEL SPEED CHANGES
Because pitch attitude must continuously change to maintain constant altitude during the speed change,
you will need to pay close attention to pitch and trim. Thus, attitude control will be your primary problem in
all level speed changes.
As you adjust the power to begin the maneuver, the change in thrust will tend to cause the nose attitude to
rise or fall. As the airspeed and consequently the aerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft change, you
will have to adjust and trim the nose attitude to maintain level flight. Your scan, then, needs to include the
ADI as the control instrument for pitch and bank and the VSI and altimeter as the performance instruments
for pitch. Remember that if you decide to use the VSI as the performance instrument for pitch, you must
guard against chasing its movements, because it always lags slightly behind the actual performance of the
aircraft. Proper trim technique will help you combat the tendency to chase the performance instruments.
Because of the rapid changes in aerodynamic forces during the maneuver, you will need to adjust and trim
the nose attitude continuously to maintain level flight.
WINGS LEVEL SPEED INCREASE
The power setting you use for increasing airspeed depends on the magnitude of the desired change. For
an airspeed increase of less than 20 KIAS, you should advance the throttle beyond the power setting for
the new airspeed, allowing the airspeed to increase, and then reduce the power to the approximate setting
to maintain the new airspeed.
For airspeed increases greater than 20 KIAS, advance the power to MRT. Then, at a lead of 5 KIAS from
the desired airspeed, reduce the throttle setting to approximately that required for the new speed. Use this
method when you practice the speed change from 200 to 250 KIAS in the T-45A.
Throttle: Beyond power setting for desired airspeed or MRT for changes greater than 20 KIAS
Pitch: Decrease as required to maintain level flight
Trim: As required
Lead point for power reduction: 5 KIAS prior to new airspeed
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