Chapter Seven Formation Visual Signals

CHAPTER SEVEN

FORMATION VISUAL SIGNALS

700. INTRODUCTION

In general, there are two types of formation visual signals; those given using the aircraft (e.g., a

porpoise ), and those given using the aircrew (e.g., a shoulder pat). Good formation discipline

depends upon the proper use and execution of visual signals. These signals cover most

maneuvers encountered and preclude the need for in-flight radio transmissions.

Aircrew-to-aircrew visual signals are generally used anytime the Wingman is close enough to

see them such as in the parade position or "administrative cruise" (administrative cruise is a

reference to the cruise position utilized while transiting vice the maneuvering cruise).

Furthermore, Lead would not want to porpoise his aircraft (means: "join in parade") with his

Wingman just outside the parade position for obvious reasons. Typically, giving aircraft signals

is reserved when the Wingman is not close enough to see aircrew-to-aircrew signals such as

when the Wingman is in the tactical position.

As Lead, when initiating any signal, pass the signal first, then pull the signal down and look at

the Wingman for a response (unless the response is obvious, i.e., the wingman begins a

crossunder maneuver after you give the cross under signal). This will reduce the time spent

looking aft, thus enhancing outside scan and basic airwork. Always give signals with the hand

nearest your playmate.

NOTE

Due to the unique characteristics of the lead change, the Lead pilot

will look as he passes this signal and give the signal across the

cockpit to ensure a safe, positive change of the lead. The lead

change will involve only the pilots; students shall keep their hands

below the canopy.

701. AIRCREW VISUAL SIGNALS

General Signals:

SIGNAL

MEANING

Affirmative (I understand, ready to go)

Thumbs-up, or head nod

Negative (I do not know, not ready to go)

Thumbs-down, or head shake

Wait

Hand held up with palm outward

Ignore last signal

Hand waved in an erasing motion in

front of face, with palm turned forward

FORMATION VISUAL SIGNALS

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