Penetration vs. Enroute Descent

INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT PREPARATION WORKBOOK

CHAPTER TWO

Penetration vs. Enroute Descent

Jet aircraft approaching the terminal phase from the high altitude structure have a choice of a

high altitude penetration or an enroute descent. ATC will often ask what type of approach is

desired approximately 200 miles from your destination. If you wish to execute the entire

published high altitude approach, you need to request the penetration. If ATC does not make this

request, they will assume you desire an enroute descent. Be wary of altitude assignments below

the IAF altitude. If you want a low altitude approach, or desire vectors to an ILS, a GCA or

TACAN final, you should request the enroute descent. The aircrew may refuse an enroute

descent in favor of a penetration approach.

Approach

The approach phase requires constant vigilance. It is very easy to misdirect your focus during

this phase of flight. There are many checklists and briefs to perform, and the airspace is

significantly more crowded.

Descent Checklist

The Descent Checklist includes numerous items that must be accomplished early so the crew is

ready for the approach. Weather information for the destination airfield should be obtained at

least 100-150 NM prior to the destination by listening to ATIS or calling METRO. In either

case, monitor center while up the different frequency. If the weather on ATIS is questionable,

METRO should be contacted for further information.

Holding

The normal method of setting up for TACAN approach is to proceed directly to the IAF and

commence the approach. However, it may be necessary to enter holding. Recommended holding

speed for the T-1A aircraft is 180 KIAS. The aircraft should be slowed 3 minutes prior to

entering holding. The 3 methods of entering are:

Teardrop Entry.

Outbound Parallel.

Direct Entry.

The type of entry is dependent upon the aircraft's heading when crossing the holding fix and can

be determined by using the entry diagram at the top of the high altitude approach plate or

standard entry procedures.

T1-A FLIGHT PROFILES 2-15