Figure 13 - P-8010048

INSTRUMENT NAVIGATION

Figure 13

When planning a flight as well as completing a DD-175 flight plan, airways may be entered

or exited at: NAVAIDS, NAMED INTERSECTIONS, or NAMED FIXES. In actual flight,

ATC may vector you on or off an airway as necessary. A fix is a geographical position

determined by visual reference to the surface, or in the case of Instrument Navigation, by

reference to one or more radio NAVAIDS. A single NAVAID could reference a fix by use of

radial and DME. In Figure 12, "DEFUN" is a named fix defined by the Crestview VORTAC R-

088 at 28 DME. An intersection is a point defined by any combination of courses, radials, or

bearings of two or more navigational aids.

In the following example (Figure 14), you could file to enter J-52 at GRW or IGB. These

VORTACS define a segment of J-52. Note that only the airways that use a navaid have

numerical designations for the radials adjacent to its compass rose.

Figure 14

Now, take a careful look at the next example (Figure 15). You can NOT file to enter/exit J-

63 at the Hancock (HNK) VORTAC. Note the line representing the airway circumvents the

navaid and there are no radial designations for J-63 in the vicinity of HNK. This "loop" indicates

that Hancock is NOT part of J-63.

3-10 RADIAL TRACKING AND COURSE CONTROL