Figure 1-2 Updating Chart Manual Data

CHAPTER ONE

LOW-LEVEL AND TACTICAL FORMATION

TPC G-20D, Edition 13, May 93

N Delete

Tower

229 1344

35 55 40N

97 30 20W

N Add

Tower

295 1070

35 56 09N

96 16 46W

N Delete

Tower

300 1300

34 50 43N

97 37 03W

N Add

Tower

331 3513

33 39 47N

101 35 54W

N Delete

Tower

200 970

33 50 50N

96 40 42W

N Add

Tower

320 1117

33 30 30N

95 25 30W

N Change

Tower 345-840 to multi towers

500 987

33 38 50N

95 01 16W

N Add

Tower

709 3815

33 03 52N

101 52 35W

N Add

Tower

449 3287

32 57 18N

101 08 55W

N Add

Tower

500 1033

32 25 01N

96 46 11W

Figure 1-2 Updating Chart Manual Data

Locate the Drop Zone/Landing Zone and Initial Point (IP), Turnpoints, and Checkpoints.

The Drop Zone/Landing Zone and Initial Point (IP). Locate the objective first. Drop

zones are normally defined as either circular or rectangular and by size. A rectangular drop zone

will have a defined run-in course, which the aircraft must follow during the run-in. A circular

drop zone does not have a specified run-in course and may be approached from any direction.

Landing Zones are anything from major airfields to dirt strips. Check the orientation, length,

width, low in close obstacles, and gather any other information that may impact your mission. In

either case, choose an easily recognizable IP approximately 10 minutes from the target. The IP

provides a last checkpoint from which a final heading and timing update for the run-in can be

made. Choosing an IP that requires a minimal initial heading change normally ensures a more

precise final course to the target. Prominent intersections of rivers, roads, or terrain features

make good IPs.

Selecting Turnpoints and Checkpoints. A checkpoint is a landmark used to identify the

aircraft's position. Be sure to select a checkpoint with a distinctive feature so you will be able to

positively identify it. Look for a peculiar bend in a road or river, an odd shaped lake or town, the

highest terrain in the area, or an airfield with a distinctive runway layout. Checkpoints should be

fixes that you anticipate being able to find. Figure 1-3 describes good features to use for

checkpoints. The position of the fix, relative to its anticipated position, provides course

guidance information. Arrival over checkpoints at an anticipated time confirms the accuracy of

the wind prediction and indicates reliability of the predicted track and GS. If checkpoints are

crossed at the wrong time, the GS is in error. If the aircraft passes near but not over a

checkpoint, the ground track is off. These statements assume you are planning on flying directly

over a checkpoint. You may use checkpoints that are near, yet not on, the route. A checkpoint

directly on course may be hard to find when you are directly over it. Use it as an aiming point

instead. The interval you choose between checkpoints depends on the speed of your aircraft and

the availability of checkpoints. Pick a distinctive checkpoint where a change in direction will be

made. Turning directly over the turnpoint will place you on course for the next leg. Choose an

1-8 LOW-LEVEL NAVIGATION