Stalls and Departure

T-34C OUT-OF-CONTROL FLIGHT

CHAPTER TWO

205. STALLS AND DEPARTURE

Stalls can be categorized as either normal or accelerated. A normal stall will occur when the

aircraft is in an unaccelerated flight condition. The primary warnings of an approaching

unaccelerated stall in the T-34C are the rudder shakers, decreasing airspeed, and increasing

AOA. Other indications may include airframe buffet (although somewhat more subtle) and

decreasing control effectiveness. An accelerated stall will occur in an accelerated flight

condition (increased "G's"), such as a Pullup or a Level Turn maneuver. Accelerated stalls

always exhibit more severe characteristics than normal stalls. Normally, a "secondary stall"

which may be experienced while recovering from a normal stall, such as that which is

experienced periodically during the approach turn stall recovery, is actually an accelerated stall.

Such a stall can be caused by the rapid addition of power, increasing the aircraft AOA, inducing

a stall at a higher than normal airspeed, and "G" loading.

If the pilot has no intention of stalling the aircraft and stall warning such as rudder shakers or

airframe buffet are experienced, he must take immediate action to avoid the stall. Actions

reducing AOA, such as relaxing back stick pressure, leveling the wings, centering the ball, and

advancing power smoothly are all appropriate. If such warnings are ignored, subsequent

departure and PSG are inevitable. Misapplication of stall recovery controls may result in PSG or

Incipient Spin. Stall recovery is accomplished in the conventional manner as follows:

Lower nose immediately by reducing back stick pressure.

Use aileron and rudder, as required, to regain straight and level balanced flight.

At the same time, advance power smoothly.

Stall departure is normally recognized by rapid yawing and a nosedown pitching movement,

usually toward the direction of principal rudder input. The departure will be followed by PSG if

the controls are not neutralized promptly. Positively neutralizing the controls will cause the

airplane to recover from the stall departure, but may result in an ensuing unusual attitude from

which the pilot can ultimately recover.

206. POST-STALL GYRATIONS

If control inputs are held after the aircraft departs controlled flight, the aircraft will continue to

oscillate randomly about any or all axes in increasingly nose-low attitudes, which may or may

not develop into a spin. From a 1.0 "G" departure, these oscillations are comparatively mild with

a roll in the direction of applied rudder. With ailerons applied opposite to rudder deflection,

lower nose attitudes and faster roll rates will result. PSG resulting from accelerated departures

are similar, except that initial roll rates will be higher (assuming the same amount of rudder

deflection). In either case, neutralizing the controls will affect rapid recovery, normally in a

nose-low attitude. AOA and airspeed should be checked prior to starting pullout.

2-8 UNUSUAL ATTITUDES AND OUT-OF-CONTROL FLIGHT