Figure 4-6. Overbanking Tendency

CHAPTER FOUR

T-34C CONTACT

Path of outer

wingtip

Path of fuselage

ius

Path of inner wingtip

Slower speed

Faster speed

Figure 4-6 Overbanking Tendency

When changing from a shallow bank to a moderate bank, the lift of the outside wing is greater

than that of the inside wing. However, in this situation the force created exactly balances the

force of the inherent lateral stability of the airplane, so that at a given speed, no aileron pressure

is required to maintain that bank. However, as the radius decreases further when the bank

progresses from a moderate bank to a steep bank, the lift differential overbalances the lateral

stability, and counteractive (opposite) pressure on the ailerons is necessary to keep the bank from

steepening.

The pilot's posture while seated in the airplane, particularly during turns, since it will is very

important in all maneuvers, affects the alignment of outside visual references. At the beginning

the student may lean to the side when rolling into the turn in an attempt to remain upright in

relation to the ground rather than "ride" with the airplane. This tendency must be corrected at the

outset if the student is to learn to properly use visual references.

As in all maneuvering, the pilot should form the habit of ensuring that the area towards which a

turn is to be made is clear of other aircraft. If nearby aircraft are not detected before lowering the

wing, it may be too late to avoid a collision.

As soon as the airplane rolls from the wings-level attitude, the nose should also start to move

along the horizon, increasing its rate of travel proportionately as the bank is increased. Any

variation from this will be indicative of the particular control that is being misused. The

following variations provide excellent guides:

If the nose starts to move before the bank starts, rudder is being applied too soon.

If the bank starts before the nose starts turning, or the nose moves in the opposite direction,

the rudder is being used too late.

3. If the nose moves up or down when entering a bank, excessive or insufficient back elevator

pressure is being applied.

4-12

FUNDAMENTAL FLIGHT CONCEPTS