Instrument Flight
Flight Procedures
1. Parallel Procedure: When approaching the holding fix from anywhere in sector (a), the parallel entry
procedure would be to turn to a heading to parallel the holding course/radial outbound on the
nonholding side. Wings level (VOR only) time for one or one and one half minutes (depending on the
altitude), at end of timing (VOR) or outbound DME (TACAN) turn in the direction of the holding pattern
through more than 180 degrees, and return to the holding fix or intercept the holding course inbound.
2. Teardrop Procedure: When approaching the holding fix from anywhere in sector (b), the teardrop
entry procedure would be to fly to the fix, turn outbound with a heading change of 30 degrees more
than the outbound holding course/radial for a non-standard holding pattern or 30 degrees less than the
outbound holding course/radial for standard holding pattern to initiate the teardrop entry within the
pattern (on the holding side). Wings level outbound (VOR only), time for a period of one or one and
one half minutes (depending on the altitude). Turn to parallel holding radial at desired offset. At end
of timing (VOR) or pattern outbound DME (TACAN), turn in the direction of the holding pattern to
intercept the inbound holding course or proceed directly back to the fix.
3. Direct Entry Procedure: When approaching the holding fix from anywhere in sector (c), the direct
entry procedure would be to fly directly to the fix and turn outbound to follow the holding pattern. Initial
timing (VOR only) would begin wings level or abeam whichever occurs last. Time for a period of one
or one and one half minutes (depending on the altitude). At end of timing (VOR) or pattern outbound
DME (TACAN), turn in the direction of the holding pattern to intercept the inbound holding course or
proceed directly back to the fix.
70
A.
B.
C.
70
A. Parallel entry
B. Teardrop entry
C. Direct entry
Figure 30: HOLDING ENTRY
Page 85
(12-00) Original
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