Instrument Approach Procedures

CHAPTER SEVEN

FLIGHT TRAINING PUBLICATION (FLIP) STUDENT GUIDE

Instructional Aids

FLIP Approach Plates

702. INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES

High Altitude Approaches vs Low Altitude Approaches - High approaches have a penetration

pattern depicted on the approach and have a hashed edge around the approach plate. They are

used to bring the aircraft down from the High Charts. Low approaches do not have a penetration

pattern depicted, and bring the aircraft down from the Low Charts.

Precision vs Non-Precision

Instrument approaches are separated into the general classes of precision and non-precision

approaches. Due to the space available for equipment, weight limitations, and operational

requirements, not all aircraft are equipped to execute every type of instrument approach.

Precision Approaches A precision approach is a standard instrument approach procedure in

which an electronic glidepath is provided, i.e., altitude information is available in addition to

azimuth. Five types of precision approaches are:

ILS - Instrument Landing System

MLS- Microwave Landing System

PAR - Precision Approach Radar

ACLS - Automatic Carrier Landing System

CILS - Carrier Instrument Landing System

The PAR approach requires only an operational radio and is the only type of precision approach

capable of being flown by the T-34C aircraft, the T-1A is equipped for ILS approaches. Range

information is available from the PAR ground or carrier based controller, or by indications from

flying over the prescribed outer and middle markers on an ILS/MLS.

Non-Precision Approaches - A non-precision approach is a standard instrument approach

procedure in which an electronic glideslope is not provided, i.e., only azimuth, or azimuth and

range information is available. There are several types of non-precision approaches:

TACAN - Tactical Air Navigation

NDB Non-Directional Beacon (UHF and LF/MF)

ASR - Airport Surveillance Radar

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TERMINAL PUBLICATIONS