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Page Title:
Table 1-10. Guidelines for confirmation of foodborne-disease outbreaks (Cont) |
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|  CHAPTER 1, FOOD SAFETY
Etiologic agent
Incubation
Clinical syndrome
Confirmation
period
Viral
Detection of IgM anti-
Jaundice, dark urine,
1. Hepatitis A
15-50
hepatitis A virus in serum
fatigue, anorexia,
days,
from two or more persons who
nausea
median: 28
consumed epidemiologically
days
implicated food
Vomiting, cramps,
More than fourfold rise in
15-77 hrs,
2. Norwalk family of
diarrhea, headache
antibody titer to Norwalk
usually
viruses, small
virus or Norwalk-like virus
24-48 hrs
round-structured
in acute and convalescent
viruses (SRSV)
sera in most serum pairs
OR
Visualization of small,
round-structured viruses that
react with patient's
convalescent sera but not
acute sera by immune-
electron microscopy. Assays
based on molecular diagnostic
(e.g., polymerase-chain
reaction [PCR], probes, or
assays for antigen and
antibodies from expressed
antigen) are available in
reference laboratories.
3. Astrovirus,
15-77 hrs,
Vomiting, cramps,
Visualization of small,
calicivirus,
usually
diarrhea, headache
round-structured viruses that
others
24-48 hrs
react with patient's
convalescent sera but not
acute sera by immune-
electron microscopy. Assays
based on molecular
diagnostics (e.g., PCR,
probes, or assays for antigen
and antibodies from expressed
antigen) are available in
reference laboratories.
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