Cone of Confusion - P-12820060

T-45C TS INav-02

Introduction to INav and Voice Procedures

NOTE: Standard Service Volume

limitations do not apply to published

IFR routes or procedures. (i.e., some

published routes may exceed these

limitations, they have been flight tested

and can be used with confidence).

Identified by aural 3-letter Morse code repeating

every 35 seconds

Neither transmits nor receives voice communications

Cone of Confusion - A “cone of confusion” where

Sg 8, fr 4

TACAN azimuth information is not available, exists

VOR/TACAN

over TACAN stations. The “cone” varies from 60 to

Cones of Confusion

110 wide. TACAN DME and I.D. signal will be

received and station passage will be noted by

minimum DME. Although narrow at low altitudes,

this “cone” expands to about 18 nm across at

30,000 ft. Because of the size of the TACAN “cone

of confusion,” TACAN holding patterns will always

be established using DME

VOR

Unaffected by weather

360 radials emitted from station

Provides magnetic radial

Operates in the VHF band (108.0-117.95 MHz) - 59

available frequencies

Limitations

Line of sight

Standard Service Volume (SSV)

NOTE: SSV defines the reception limits of

unrestricted NAVAIDs which are usable for

random/unpublished route navigation.

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(2-02) Original